PRECEDE-PROCEED model based questionnaire and saliva tests for oral health checkup in adult.

Screening is a fundamental strategy for early detection, treatment, and prevention of progression of oral disease and those at high risk for oral disease. While numerous screening tools exist, questionnaires, and saliva tests are often suitable for screening. The questionnaire based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model was developed, validated, and elucidated on the structural interrelationship between these two methods. In the current investigation, 311 adults had this questionnaire and saliva testing administered simultaneously during an occupational health checkup. The questionnaire was validated by classical test theory, item response theory, and path analysis. Through structural equation modeling, it was found that self-care guidance may be an important role of the family dentist. In addition, self-awareness of oral symptoms was significantly related to saliva test results. However, self-administered questionnaires and saliva tests together may provide more information than either of them alone for the detection, treatment, and prevention of progression of oral disease. Thus, simultaneous application of self-administered questionnaires and saliva tests is recommended during oral health checkups for adults.

Non-zero basal oxygen flow a hazard to anesthesia breathing circuit leak test.

The non-zero basal flow (BF) of oxygen in anesthesia machines has been set to supply the basal metabolic requirement of oxygen. However, there is no scientific evidence of its necessity. In this study we sought to clarify whether non-zero BF affects leak detection during preanesthetic inspections. Twenty-five participants performed leak tests on anesthesia machines to detect breathing circuit leaks. Artificial leak-producing devices were used to create leaks from 0 to 1.0 L/min. The investigator randomly chose the leak device and connected it into the breathing circuit. Participants, blinded as to the presence or the type of leak producing device, then tested the breathing circuit for leaks. The conventional breathing system leak test was performed with and without BF. The results of leak detection in each leak procedure were analyzed statistically. The leak detection rate of leak test with BF was less than without BF (P < 0.01). We demonstrated that non-zero BF of oxygen decreases the leak detection rate and is an obstacle for leak detection, especially for small leaks. Therefore, we recommend that breathing circuit leak tests should be performed in the absence of BF of oxygen.